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Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACEUploaded 02-11-17If vacuum energy really does have the enormous value predicted by quantum field theory then our gently expanding, geometrically flat universe shouldn’t exist. This is the vacuum catastrophe.You can further support us on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetimeGet your own Space Time t­shirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBiTweet at us! @pbsspacetimeFacebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetimeEmail us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] comComment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetimeHelp translate our videos!https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7gPrevious Episode:The Missing Mask Mystery | Space Timehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RchRrngfjQYLinks to Comments Response:Michaelhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5rAGfjPSWE&lc=z23swryzgkibc3atqacdp43a31ukx3xnflbaomxcwwlw03c010cJeremy Zambellihttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5rAGfjPSWE&lc=z23dhh04rtmeez1rb04t1aokgicw4o1gjiic2vmezi2fbk0h00410TS1336https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5rAGfjPSWE&lc=z22sux052luoih4xz04t1aokgu2halbv0cnkiqu4azyerk0h00410Eliran Cohenhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5rAGfjPSWE&lc=z22yzr5z3u3yvn2hs04t1aokgnid302xmdruho1qwzylbk0h00410 Let’s talk about vacuum energy from a theoretical standpoint. From the perspective of quantum field theory, every point in space is represented by a quantum oscillator; one for each elementary particle type. Higher energy oscillations represent the presence of real particles. However even the lowest possible energy oscillation – the one corresponding to the absence of particles – has some energy. Written and Hosted by Matt O'DowdProduced by Rusty WardGraphics by Kurt RossAssistant Editing and Sound Design by Mike PetrowMade by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters: Big BangBITISMCoolAsCatsDavid NicklasQuasarTambe BarsbayMayank M. MehrotaMars YenturMark RosenthalDean FuquaY2Justin LloydHypernovaEdmund FokschanerMax LevineMatthew O’ConnorEugene LawsonBarry HatfieldMartha HuntJoseph SalomoneChuck ZegarCraig PetersonJordan YoungRatfeastJohn HofmannThanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: Denys IvanovNick VirtueAlexey EromenkoNicholas RoseScott GossettMark DykstraChris HicksMark VasilePatrick MurraySultan AlkhulaifiAlex SetoMichal-Peanut KarmiErik SteinDaniel LyonsKevin WarneJJ BagnellJ RejcAmy JieAvi GoldfingerJohn PettitShannan CatalanoFlorian StiglmayrYubo DuBenoit Pagé-GuitardNathan LenizJessica FraleyLoro LukicBrandon LabonteDavid CraneGreg Weiss Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACEUploaded 10-08-17Could it be that all the electrons in the universe are simply one, single electron moving back and forth through time?You can further support us on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetimeGet your own Space Time t­shirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBiTweet at us! @pbsspacetimeFacebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetimeEmail us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] comComment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetimePrevious Episode:Dark Flowhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xgdNBQCdhdAIn the spring of 1940, the great physicist John Archibald Wheeler had a flash of insight. He picked up the phone and called Richard Feynman. The fateful conversation began, “Feynman, I know why all electrons have the same charge and the same mass." "Why?" asked Wheeler’s former graduate student. "Because, they are all the same electron!" Wheeler went on to describe the One-Electron Universe idea: that there exists only one electron, and that electron traverses time in both directions. It bounces in time, eventually traversing the entire past and future history of the universe in both directions, and interacting with itself countless times on each pass. In this way it fills the universe with the appearance of countless electrons. And when the electron is moving backwards in time it is a positron; the antimatter counterpart of the electron.Written and Hosted by Matt O’Dowd Produced by Rusty WardGraphics by Kurt RossAssistant Editing and Sound Design by Mike PetrowMade by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)Comments answer by Matt:0xFFF1https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xgdNBQCdhdA&lc=z23sjnwjrwnljxe3macdp435v2eqfl1uknp1kknjllxw03c010c Daniel Grasshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xgdNBQCdhdA&lc=z230gbubioqjyn1vfacdp43azemsjdresxvjbu412tdw03c010c M Paulsonhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xgdNBQCdhdA&lc=z221xpzafrikhxyjf04t1aokgiuxpnkzxeknjelcsx0jbk0h00410 Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters: Big BangCoolAsCatsDavid NicklasQuasarTambe BarsbayMax LevineMayank M. MehrotaMars YenturMark RosenthalDean FuquaHypernovaEugene LawsonChuck ZegarJordan YoungRatfeastJohn HofmannJoseph Salomone Martha HuntCraig PetersonScience Via MarketsBarry HatfieldThanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: Peter DurocherMichael KersChris HicksMark VasilePatrick MurraySultan AlkhulaifiAlex SetoJared MooreMichal-Peanut KarmiBernardo HigueraErik SteinDaniel LyonsKevin WarneJJ BagnellJ RejcAmy JieAvi GoldfingerJohn PettitShannan CatalanoFlorian StinglmayrYubo DuBenoit Pagé-GuitardNathan LenizJessica FraleyLoro LukicBrandon LabonteDavid CraneGreg Weiss Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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A few weeks ago a large team of gravitational wave astronomers announced something pretty wild. The moderately confident detection of pervasive ripples in the fabric of space time that presumably fills the cosmos, detected by watching for subtle connections between the signals from rapidly spinning cores of dead stars in our galactic neighborhood. In other words, the gravitational wave background has probably been detected using a pulsar timing array.

Thumbnail Image Illustration Credit: Olena Shmahalo for NANOGrav

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Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
Written by Matt O'Dowd
Post Production by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, Adriano Leal & Stephanie Faria
Directed by Andrew Kornhaber
Associate Producer: Bahar Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
Assistant Director of Programming for PBS: John Campbell

Spacetime is produced by Kornhaber Brown for PBS Digital Studios.
This program is produced by Kornhaber Brown, which is solely responsible for its content.
© 2023 PBS. All rights reserved.

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/user/MultiDroideka

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00:00 Introduction
01:02 Relativity and Gravitational Waves
02:21 Discovering Gravitational Waves
03:49 Gravitational Waves & Pulsars
05:04 Pulsar Timing Array Discovers GWB
06:48 Understanding the GWB
07:55 Are Pulsars Seeing Gravitational Waves?
09:00 Correlated & Anti-Correlated Pulsar Rates
10:07 Hellings and Downs Curve
11:44 Binary Supermassive Black Holes
13:39 NANOgrav Frequency Spectrum
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Viewers like you help make PBS (Thank you 😃) . Support your local PBS Member Station here: https://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACEUploaded 07-03-18Will the future of space exploration be guided by public or private entities? Which is better?Learn more about CuriosityStream at https://curiositystream.com/spacetimeYou can further support us on Patreon at https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetimeGet your own Space Time t­shirt at http://bit.ly/1QlzoBiTweet at us! @pbsspacetimeFacebook: facebook.com/pbsspacetimeEmail us! pbsspacetime [at] gmail [dot] comComment on Reddit: http://www.reddit.com/r/pbsspacetimeHelp translate our videos!https://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UC7_gcs09iThXybpVgjHZ_7gPrevious Episodes:The Trebuchet Challengehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7UOFZBEA_gDeath of the Sunhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iJY3y5_k0doOn February 8th 2018, the eyes of the world once again fixed upon Cape Canaveral. This time, people watched with anticipation as SpaceX launched its new Falcon Heavy rocket. This was the first test of a rocket that may one day send people across the solar system. The near-simultaneous landing of its two booster rockets was like something out of a sci-fi flick. It looked like the future. The subsequent view of a cherry-red Tesla Roadster drifting through space was like something out of a Douglas Adams novel. The landmark launch of the Falcon Heavy rocket is a milestone in a new space race. One not between nations, but instead between private companies. Is this the best thing for the future of human space travel?Links to Comments Response:Stimulihttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iJY3y5_k0do&lc=UgwGa3G9okwGJbcmINV4AaABAgDethdehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iJY3y5_k0do&lc=UgzPK43QbAtjm4xtYJx4AaABAgLcra Arclhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7UOFZBEA_g&lc=UgytIQalMVs5jSETirF4AaABAgHosted by Matt O'DowdWritten by Drew Rosen and Matt O’DowdProduced by Rusty WardGraphics by Grayson BlackmonAssistant Editing and Sound Design by Mike Petrow and Linda HuangMade by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters: Big BangCoolAsCatsDavid NicklasFaisal SaudAnton LifshitsJoey RednerQuasarTambe BarsbayMayank M. MehrotaMars YenturMark RosenthalDean FuquaRoman PinchukColeslawPurdieHypernovaEdmund FokschanerMatthew O’ConnorEugene LawsonMartha HuntJoseph SalomoneChuck ZegarJordan YoungRatfeastJohn HofmannBarry HatfieldCraig PetersonKevin CostelloThanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters: James HughesKris FernetJane MyersJames FlowersGreg AllenTJ MadisonDenys IvanovNick VirtueAlexey EromenkoNicholas RoseScott GossettMark VasilePatrick MurraySultan AlkhulaifiAlex SetoMichal-Peanut KarmiErik SteinDaniel LyonsKevin WarneJJ BagnellJ RejcAvi GoldfingerJohn PettitFlorian StiglmayrBenoit Pagé-GuitardNathan LenizBrandon LabonteDavid CraneGreg Weiss Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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Search the Entire Space Time Library Here: https://search.pbsspacetime.com/Uploaded 25-05-22PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to :http://to.pbs.org/DonateSPACESign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!https://www.patreon.com/pbsspacetimeWhen we scan the heavens with giant telescopes we see galactic cannibalism everywhere. We see moments that appear frozen on the human timescale, but are really snapshots of the incredibly violent process of galaxy formation. This is how all galaxies are made. We can piece together a pretty good understanding of this process from countless snapshots. Looking into the distance means looking into the past, so it’s possible to stitch together a Frankenstein flip book of galaxy evolution. Check out the Space Time Merch Storehttps://www.pbsspacetime.com/shopSign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!https://mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetimeHosted by Matt O'DowdWritten by Matt Caplan and Matt O'Dowd Post Production by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, Pedro Osinski, Adriano Leal and Stephanie FariaGFX Visualizations: Ajay ManuelDirected by Andrew KornhaberAssociate Producer: Bahar GholipourExecutive Producers: Eric Brown and Andrew KornhaberExecutives in Charge (PBS): Adam Dylewski, Maribel Lopez Director of Programming (PBS): Gabrielle Ewing Spacetime is produced by Kornhaber Brown for PBS Digital Studios.This program is produced by Kornhaber Brown, which is solely responsible for its content.© 2022 PBS. All rights reserved.End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/user/MultiDroidekaSpecial Thanks to Our Patreon SupportersBig Bang SupportersAdam HillierBryce FortPeter BarrettDavid NeumannCharlieLeo KoguanSandy WuAhmad JodehAlexander TamasMorgan HoughAmyJuan BenetVinnie FalcoFabrice EapMark RosenthalDavid NicklasQuasar SupporterMarty SweetmanAlex KernEthan CohenStephen WilcoxChristina OegrenMark HeisingHank SHypernova Supporterswilliam bryanGregory ForfaKirk HonourMark EvansdrollereJoe MoreiraMarc ArmstrongScott GorlickPaul Stehr-GreenRussell PopeBen DeloScott GrayАнтон КочковJohn R. SlavikMathewDonal BotkinJohn PollockEdmund FokschanerJoseph Salomonechuck zegarJordan YoungDaniel MuzquizGamma Ray Burst SuppotersWalterThomas TarlerbsgbryanSean McCaulCarsten QuinlanSusan AlbeeFrank WalkerMatt QWhizBangeryAvi YashchinMHL SHSKory KirkTerje VoldAnatoliy NagornyycomboyBrett BakerJonathan ConerlyAndre StechertRoss BohnerPaul WoodKent Durhamjim bartoshNubbleScott R CalkinsThe Mad MechanicJuan David Gil WiedmanEllis HallJohn H. Austin, Jr.Diana SBen CampbellFaraz KhanAlmog CohenAlex EdwardsÁdám KettingerMD3Endre PechDaniel JenningsCameron SampsonGeoffrey ClarionDarren DuncanRuss CreechJeremy ReedEric WebsterDavid JohnstonWeb BrowserMichael BartonChristopher BarronJames RamseyMr TAndrew MannIsaac SuttellDevon RosenthalOliver FlanaganBleys GoodsonRobert WalterBruce BSimon OliphantMirik GogriMark DelagasseMark Daniel CohenNickolas Andrew FreemanShane CalimlimTybie FitzhughRobert IlardiEric KieblerCraig StonahaMartin SkansThe Art of SinGraydon GossFrederic SimonTonyfaceJohn RobinsonA GDavid NealKevin LeejustahatJohn FunaiTristanBradley JenkinsKyle HoferDaniel StříbrnýLuaanCodyThomas DoughertyKing ZeckendorffScott GossettDan WarrenPatrick SuttonJohn GriffithDaniel LyonsDFaulkKevin Warne Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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