SEA: Space Exploration & Astronomy

How did Earth get its moon? Why is Mercury so close to the sun? Why does Uranus orbit on its side? The answers to all of these questions are the many collisions that ravaged the early Solar System. Each of our neighbouring worlds bears scars which echo their violent past, from the many craters of the moon's battered surface, to the sideways rings of the planet Uranus. And in this video, we will examine a number of the most significant collisions, which each played a pivotal role in building up the Solar System as we know it today.

SOUNDTRACK:
- The Ghost of Aberbeeg | CO.AG Music
- Edge of Silence, Ambient Sounds 06 | CO.AG Music
- Balefire | Scott Buckley Creative Commons Music
- Short Song 011023 | Chris Zabriskie Creative Commons Music
- Short Song 020823 | Chris Zabriskie Creative Commons Music
- Speak to Me | CO.AG Music
CO.AG Music: https://www.youtube.com/@co.agmusic1823
Scott Buckley Music: https://www.scottbuckley.com.au
Chris Zabriskie Music: https://chriszabriskie.bandcamp.com

CHAPTERS:
00:00: Introduction
01:37: The Terrestrial Planets
03:33: Collision that Formed the Moon
06:07: Giant Impact Hypothesis
09:42: What Happened to Mercury?
13:37: Late Heavy Bombardment
16:45: What Rammed into Uranus?
20:32: The Dwarf Planet
23:43: Pluto & Charon's Moons
27:25: Sputnik Planitia
32:58: Closing

The Sun... both the giver of life, and destroyer of worlds. Host of the eight planets, and incubator of Earth with its light and heat. Yet in spite of its brilliance, the true nature of the sun's power remains shrouded in mystery, with scientists unable to explain many of the processes playing out in its atmosphere. But in 2024, NASA will attain their closest glimpse of the sun so far, as they come just five million miles from its surface, diving into the stellar Nether Zone, to "touch" the sun itself.

BACKGROUND TRACK:
"Christmas Ambience" by CO.AG Music
Song: https://youtu.be/e23_O1koRiA?si=5gebdLo6tpmIQpY3
Artist: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCcavSftXHgxLBWwLDm_bNvA

CHAPTERS:
00:00: Welcome...
01:45: Anatomy of the Sun
05:03: The Coronal Mystery
08:21: Space Weather & the Solar Cycle
11:59: Geomagnetic Storms
15:31: The Carrington Event
18:38: A Geomagnetic Storm in 2024?
22:20: Missions to Study Space Weather
25:02: The Parker Solar Probe
30:28: Parker's 2024 Mission

It's been more than half a century since humans last went to the Moon. But we will return before the decade is up, through NASA's revolutionary Artemis Program. But unlike its ancestral Apollo Program, Project Artemis is about more than just landing astronauts on the lunar surface. Its endgame is to enable us to stay there, and keep going back to a semi-permanent surface habitat- all in preparation for NASA's yet more ambitious, daunting endeavour of the 2030s- to reach the Red Planet, Mars.

SOUNDTRACK:
"Finding Direction" - CO.AG Music
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xptr7cYeDBA)
"Her Smile Feeding the Cold Earth" - CO.AG Music (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7gX08Ww6lY)
"Are You in Here With Us?" - CO.AG Music (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68e7Yqt0q_Q)
"Floating Through Black" - Boomer (Storyblocks Media)
"Echoes" - Enzo Orefice (Storyblocks Media)
"Nightlife" - CO.AG Music (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9PE2XxNWj0M)
"Enchanted Winds" - Humans Win (Storyblocks Media)
"Still" - Humans Win (Storyblocks Media)
"Meditation Yoga Ambient" - Watermello (Storyblocks Media)

CO.AG's Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@co.agmusic
CHAPTERS:
00:00: Artemis II
02:15: Road to the Moon Landing
07:09: The Apollo Program
13:31: The New Space Race
18:00: The Artemis Program
21:32: Artemis III
23:22: Artemis IV: The Next Moon Landing
26:04: Moon to Mars

Of all the spacecraft to have visited other worlds, there are two which have travelled further than any other, discovering more about the Solar System than their inventors ever could have imagined. They are the legendary pair of Voyager Probes- still the only spacecraft ever to have visited the Ice Giant planets, Uranus and Neptune. The story of their 40 years in space makes up the topic of our video today- from the gas giants, to the ice worlds, and then out into the depths of interstellar space...

SOUNDTRACK:
- Just a Shadow | CO.AG Music (https://youtu.be/pRDzXIV5yKg?si=Z4ooBaD1wZmV_Y7B)
- Deep Sleep | Amber Waldron (Storyblocks)
- Beyond This Earth to the Stars | CO.AG Music
(https://youtu.be/aPQl1d96_Bk?si=sLbl_gG8oqhcwuW0)
- Contemplative | Amber Waldron (Storyblocks)
- Spa Go | Gushito (Storyblocks)
- Descend Into Horror 5 | CO.AG Music
(https://youtu.be/Ev49l2ZGFmg?si=Cj4CUoob2wRCjSaQ)
- Guitar Drone Meditation | Humans Win (Storyblocks)
- SpaceShip | Jayson Wayne Brown (Storyblocks)

CO.AG's Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@co.agmusic

CHAPTERS
00:00: Welcome Back
01:31: The Grand Tour
06:00: Voyager-1's Gas Giants Mission
09:40: Voyager-1's Titan Flyby
12:27: The Pale Blue Dot
14:30 Voyager-2's Gas Giant Mission
18:15: Voyager-2's Uranus Encounter
21:24: Voyager-2's Neptune Encounter
25:00: Exiting the Heliosphere
29:19: The Interstellar Mission
34:04: One Final World... (Pluto)
37:05: New Horizons Kuiper Belt Mission
42:48: An Unconventional Signature...

Far beyond the reaches of the four rocky planets, we find our Solar System's showpiece worlds- the two gas giants, Jupiter and Saturn. As the two largest planets, they both make tantalising targets for probes exploring the planetary neighbourhood, but both lie significantly further from the sun than the Earth and its terrestrial neighbours. But early in the 1970s, the technology for deep space voyages was primed, and missions to both Jupiter and Saturn ensued. Those missions make up the topic of our video today, in this second episode of our trilogy of Probes that Studied the Solar System.

CHAPTERS:
00:00: Welcome Back
01:52: The Gas Giants
04:11: When Planets Align
08:15: Pioneer 10's Journey to Jupiter
12:46: Pioneer 11's Jupiter Journey
15:10: Pioneer 11's Saturn Encounter
16:59: A Postcard from Humanity
18:46: The Galileo Spacecraft
24:27: Cassini-Huygens Spacecraft
29:11: Landing on Titan
32:14: Enceladus' Underground Ocean
33:55: Other Studies: Rings & Storms
36:52: Cassini's Grand Finale
38:38: Future Missions to the Gas Giants
42:33: To be Continued...