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Haplodiploidy: is a sex-determination system in which males develop from unfertilized eggs and are haploid, and females develop from fertilized eggs and are diploid.
Sex determination in honeybees: In honeybees, the drones (males) are entirely derived from the queen, their mother. The diploid queen has 32 chromosomes and the haploid drones have 16 chromosomes. Drones produce sperm cells that contain their entire genome, so the sperm are all genetically identical except for mutations.
Eusocial: showing an advanced level of social organization, in which a single female or caste produces offspring and nonreproductive individuals cooperate in caring for the young.
Fertilize: cause (an egg, female animal, or plant) to develop a new individual by introducing male reproductive material.
Genetics: the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.
Queen Bee: the single reproductive female in a hive or colony of honeybees.
Sterile: not able to produce children or young.
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4:19
The Deadliest Thing At The Beach
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Jetty: a breakwater constructed to protect or defend a harbor, stretch of coast, or riverbank.
Rip current: a relatively strong, narrow current flowing outward from the beach through the surf zone and presenting a hazard to swimmers.
Rip tide: a strong current caused by tidal flow in confined areas such as inlets and presenting a hazard to swimmers and boaters. A similar but distinct phenomenon often confused for a rip current.
Sandbar: a deposit of sand forming a shallow area in the sea or a river.
Surf zone: the area of the ocean where waves break near the shoreline.
Undertow: a current of water below the surface and moving in a different direction from any surface current. Also distinct from a rip current.
Wave Set Up: elevation of the mean water level at the shoreline due to wave breaking in the surf zone.
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3:31
ALL Plants Have Color Vision?!
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Shade avoidance: changes in plant body form and function that occur in response to the light signals provided by neighboring vegetation
Photoreceptors: light-sensitive proteins involved in the sensing and response to light in a variety of organisms
Far-red light: light at the extreme red end of the visible spectrum, just before infrared light (wavelength of ~700 to 750 nm)
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3:33
Frogger
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Plowed Owls
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From the creators of the popular science show with millions of YouTube subscribers comes the MinuteEarth podcast. Every episode of the show dives deep into a science question you might not even know you had - but once you hear the answer, you’ll want to share it with everyone you know. Our team of scientists digs into the research and breaks it down into a short, entertaining explanation jam-packed with science facts and terrible puns. We’ll tell the incredible story of how monkeys crossed the Atlantic ocean on natural rafts, and we’ll explain why it gets hotter the deeper you dig underground.