The largest cancer meeting in North America just wrapped up. Held annually in the spring. the American Society of Clinical Oncology meeting is where many big advances and discoveries are announced. This year, the highlights included a study that showed that moderate exercise improved survival in colon cancer patients as much or greater than many chemotherapy agents. Another study showed that treatment for breast cancer could be modified based on levels of cancer DNA circulating in the blood, increasing the lead time and success rate of new treatment over waiting for imaging tests to show new “spots.”In reflecting on these findings, oncologist Daniel Flora, MD, PharmD pointed out a flaw in how we talk about “success” in clinical trials. The endpoints that researchers typically use are binary and designed to counter ambiguous interpretations. Overall Survival, for example, measures if patients are alive or dead. Progression-Free Survival measures if patients are alive with their cancer controlled or uncontrolled. These yes/no answers condense complicated scientific questions into concrete endpoints that are useful for regulatory bodies like the FDA to make decisions about approving a drug treatment for routine clinical use.Dr. Flora pointed out that most of us would agree that being alive is great. However, patients surviving cancer often have a more nuanced view. Many older patients begin conversations with statements like “I want QUALITY of life” or “I don’t want to suffer.” A rubric to incorporate these wishes does not exist. Would a patient, for example, trade a better quality of life for a 20% less chance of cure? 10? 5?Today, I invite you to listen to a conversation I had with two cancer survivors. Both Mark and Yvonne are alive without active cancer. In our professional parlance, they would be considered success stories. And as you hear them talk about their lives after cancer treatment, they are living.But they are living with life-changing side effects. You will hear about how large chunks of their identities disappeared in the aftermath of cancer treatment. These sacrifices are part of the hidden cost of cancer that is not often discussed (and certainly not used for approval) of new treatments. Years after their last treatments, they have accepted their “new normal” but aren’t satisfied. They want better treatments for those diagnosed now.Afterwards, I talk with a colleague, Dr. Bhishram Chera, about his groundbreaking work in studying less toxic ways to treat patients like Mark and Yvonne.I’m not sure, however, that we should be throwing these trials out. Would I, for example, be willing to sacrifice a 5% increase in the chance my cancer would return if I had a better chance of being able to taste food for the rest of my life? Perhaps. But right now, I wouldn’t have that choice. It would be considered unethical to even discuss it.Enjoy and I look forward to hearing your thoughts in the comments. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit cancerculture.substack.com
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Vote for us in the Webby Awards!
I’m thrilled to tell you that Less Radical has received TWO nominations in the 29th annual Webby Awards: We’re up for Best Indie Podcast - Limited Run and Best Podcast - Documentary. We were chosen out of 13,000 entries! We’re up against companies like Audible, Wondery, Mother Jones, and Al-Jazeera, so we need your help. You can vote for Less Radical in both categories until midnight PT on Thursday, April 17th.* Vote for Less Radical for Best Indie Podcast - Limited Run* Vote for Less Radical for Best Podcast - DocumentaryAnd after you’ve voted, tell a friend! We’re so grateful for your support of our tiny but mighty team. Together we can make Dr. Bernie Fisher a household name! This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit cancerculture.substack.com
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BONUS: What Could Be Better Than a Mammogram?
Mammograms were introduced fifty years ago. Recommendations for women to have annual screening mammograms began thirty years ago. The hope was that by finding breast cancer early, we could drastically reduce the number of women dying from breast cancer. And in some ways, we have been successful. The problem with annual screening mammograms is that it is based on the assumption that every breast cancer follows the pattern - progressing from a pre-cancerous lesion to a more aggressive tumor in a logical, linear way. Today, we know this isn’t true. Yes, some cancers are slow growing. So slow growing that they may not need treatment at all. But others, especially those in young women, grow fast. So fast, in fact, that they develop into masses in between annual mammograms. Or develop in women that are “too young” to be screened. And why aren’t we doing more to prevent breast cancer from forming in the first place? Why aren’t we finding women at high risk and doing more than just pushing them into radical surgeries?TLDR: Our current breast cancer screening paradigm is not working. We are doing too much for some women and not enough for others. Today, I’m talking with two women who think women deserve better than this outdated, one-size-fits-none approach. Martha Kaley is a breast cancer survivor and founder of Earlier.org: Friends for an Earlier Breast Cancer Detection Test. Martha’s breast cancer was not mammographically detected. She is also tired of the same old debates about what age we should start screening women for breast cancer. Martha has dedicated her life to supporting innovation in earlier detection methods - finding a better test than a mammogram. Dr. Laura Esserman is a surgeon and professor at University of California - San Francisco. She’s spent her career trying to find less radical ways to treat breast cancer. Now she’s leading a study trying to find the best way to screen women for breast cancer. (Hint: it’s probably not going to be annual mammograms for everyone.)Screening will never be perfect. It’s not now. But why are we settling? What if we demanded a screening approach that was better than a mammogram? Do something… This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit cancerculture.substack.com
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Episode 5: Bureaucrats, Administrators, and Politicians
When a colleague’s misconduct is discovered, Fisher is forced to resign from the NSABP and becomes the subject of a Congressional investigation. As the walls close in, Fisher fights back. He spends the rest of his life trying to restore his reputation. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit cancerculture.substack.com
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Episode 4: Immovable Objects and Unstoppable Forces
We return to Washington, D.C. In the fall of 1974, the results of Bernie’s clinical trials promise to change the treatment of breast cancer forever... if only it were that easy. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit cancerculture.substack.com
Less Radical is the story of Dr. Bernie Fisher, the surgeon-scientist who not only revolutionized breast cancer treatment, but also fundamentally changed the way we understand all cancers. He was an unlikely hero-- a Jewish kid from Pittsburgh who had to make it past antisemitic quotas to get into med school. And the thanks he received for his discoveries? A performative, misguided Congressional hearing that destroyed his reputation and haunted him until his death.
Over six episodes, radiation oncologist Dr. Stacy Wentworth will take you into operating rooms, through the halls of Congress, and into the labs where breakthrough cancer treatments were not only developed, but discovered.
If you or someone you know has had breast cancer, Bernie is a part of your story-- and you’re a part of his. cancerculture.substack.com
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